What lessons can be learned from Iberian blackout?

After various investigations, available analyses suggest that the blackout of April 28, 2025, in Spain and Portugal occurred within a context of significant integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the electricity grid. At the time of the incident, these sources represented approximately 70% of production. This event highlights the technical challenges associated with such a configuration, demonstrating the current difficulties in managing such a large share of intermittent generation while ensuring system stability. The available capacities for controlling frequency and voltage proved insufficient to address the resulting imbalances, thus underscoring the need for further adaptations to the electricity system.